In solid roofs, the watertight coating is not separated from the thermal insulation by a ventilated air gap and as a result, the design requires solving the problem of water vapor flow from the side of the heated interior.

Full roofs are multi-layer structural systems, in which individual layers perform specifically planned functions.

• Carrier layer – For limited spans of supports, the supporting layer can be made, for example. as rigid, massive reinforced concrete slab construction. For large spans, a lighter timber frame structure is usually used, steel or reinforced concrete, on which the supporting layer is based, e.g.. of wood or trapezoidal sheet.

• Separating and leveling layer The purpose of this layer is to close small cracks in the load-bearing layer, leveling the substrate and protecting the layers laid higher against possible chemical influences of the supporting layer

• Vapor barrier – Vapor barrier protects the roofs from the diffusion of water vapor into its interior and thus reduces moisture caused by condensation of water vapor under the outer cover. The vapor barrier is laid loosely on the ceiling or glued in a band to the ground. Can simultaneously act as a distribution and leveling layer.

• Thermal isolation – The task of thermal insulation is to maintain thermal comfort conditions in the interior of the building – i.e.. reduction of energy losses when heating in winter and protection against overheating in summer. In addition, thermal insulation protects the supporting layer from excessive stress and thermal deformation.

• Steam pressure equalizing and separating layer –

This layer is to form a kind of airbag between the thermal insulation and the top covering, allowing to equalize the pressure of water vapor on the entire surface of the roof. Allows free displacement and thermal deformation of the coating and prevents the transfer of thermal stresses.

• Cover layer – Its task is to protect the roof from precipitation and piled up water on the roof slope. Bituminous coatings are laid in two layers glued between each other over the entire surface, which allows you to obtain full tightness. Plastic coatings are usually used in the form of one layer loosely laid on the substrate, and then loaded with a ballast layer. Coverage, loosely laid on a layer of thermal insulation or fixed to it pointwise or banded, can simultaneously perform the function of a pressure equalizing and distributive layer.

• Gravel protection layer – This layer protects the coating from mechanical damage, UV solar radiation, reduces temperature fluctuations. In inverted roofs, it also acts as a load, which prevents the wind from picking up light temoizolating plates.

• Wear layer – The choice of the usable layer results from the method of use of the roof provided for in the plan – a layer of soil for growing plants or a surface suitable for pedestrian or vehicular traffic.

Individual layers can be selected in design solutions in a variety of ways, depends on the planned use of the roof.