CENTRAL HEATING

From the 3rd century on, a third stage of heating emerges, characterized by the desire to heat several rooms, and even the entire building, one focus. This method of heating and distributing flue gases under the floor by means of ducts was used in the 10th-13th centuries in Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany and England. In the 15th century, improved air heating began to be used. The air was heated by a central heater in the basement and distributed through pipes with metal sheets or channels in the walls to all rooms in the building. This type of heating is still used so far.

In the middle ages, as a result of the general decline of culture, The heating technique has also decreased. There was a return to heating rooms with ordinary wood in open fireplaces, as a result of which the rooms were smoky and dirty.

Only the use of smoke channels to remove exhaust gases from open fireplaces and fires freed the rooms from smoke. The next stage in the development of heating technology was the enclosure of the hearth in a stone or brick casing, so that the heat could already be stored. Introduction of the grate, the ash pan and channels created the basis for the construction of modern furnaces.